Animal models are widely used in biomedical research, but their applicability to psychiatric
disorders is less clear. There are several reasons for this, including 1) emergent features of …

The perception of pain is a dynamic process that is subject to ongoing modulation by central
pro-and anti-nociceptive control systems. Diverse factors that may be genetic, gender …

Sensation/novelty-seeking is amongst the best markers of cocaine addiction in humans.
However, its implication in the vulnerability to cocaine addiction is still a matter of debate, as …

Social stress in adolescence is correlated with emergence of psychopathologies during
early adulthood. In this study, the authors investigated the impact of social defeat stress …

To explore the effect of CCK on food intake in Siberian sturgeon, cck cDNA sequence of
1005 bp was obtained, and cck mRNA possessed the highest expression in brain. The …

Cholecystokinin (CCK), the most abundant brain neuropeptide, is involved in relevant
behavioral functions like memory, cognition, and reward through its interactions with the …

Individual differences in the behavioral responses to a novel environment have been
proposed as a research tool to predict responsiveness to other behavioral tasks, response to …

Alcohol use disorder or alcoholism is characterized by uncontrollable alcohol use and
intoxication, as well as a heightened state of anxiety after alcohol withdrawal. Ethanol …

Cholecystokinin (CCK), through the CCK-2 receptor, exerts complex effects on anxiety.
While CCK agonists are panicogenic, CCK-2 antagonists fail to alleviate human anxiety …

This study was designed to (1) assess the effects of cocaine on Fas-associated protein with
death domain (FADD) system and its role in the activation of apoptotic vs nonapoptotic …