Solar energetic particles, or SEPs, from suprathermal (few keV) up to relativistic (∼∼ few
GeV) energies are accelerated near the Sun in at least two ways:(1) by magnetic …

The Voyager spacecraft have left the heliosphere and entered the interstellar medium,
making the first observations of the termination shock, heliosheath, and heliopause. New …

The solar wind blows outward from the Sun and forms a bubble of solar material in the
interstellar medium. The termination shock occurs where the solar wind changes from being …

This review summarizes the current state of research aiming at a description of the global
heliosphere using both analytical and numerical modeling efforts, particularly in view of the …

Shock waves, as shown by simulations and observations, can generate high levels of
downstream vortical turbulence, including magnetic islands. We consider a combination of …

Voyager 2 crossed the solar wind termination shock at 83.7 au in the southern
hemisphere,∼ 10 au closer to the Sun than found by Voyager 1 in the north,,,. This …

We report measurements of energetic (> 40 kiloelectron volts) charged particles on Voyager
1 from the interface region between the heliosheath, dominated by heated solar plasma, and …

The recent observations of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) energy spectrum as Voyager 1
and Voyager 2 crossed the heliospheric termination shock have called into question the …

The long-anticipated encounter by Voyager 2 (V2) of the region between the heliosphere
and the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) occurred toward the end of 2018. Here, we …

The exploration of interplanetary space and our solar bubble, the heliosphere, has made a
big leap over the past two decades, due to the path-breaking observations of the two …