Implicated in persistence and stress response pathways in bacteria, RelE shuts down
protein synthesis by cleaving mRNA within the ribosomal A site. Structural and biochemical …

Toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules are small operons involved in bacterial stress response and
persistence. higBA operons form a family of TA modules with an inverted gene organization …

Toxin‐antitoxin systems are mediators of diverse activities in bacterial physiology. For the
ParE‐type toxins, their reported role of gyrase inhibition utilized during plasmid‐segregation …

Escherichia coli MazF (EcMazF) is the archetype of a large family of ribonucleases involved
in bacterial stress response. The crystal structure of EcMazF in complex with a 7-nucleotide …

Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) is a form of interbacterial competition mediated
by CdiB-CdiA two-partner secretion systems. CdiA effector proteins carry polymorphic C …

Bacteria encode multiple type II toxin–antitoxin modules that cleave ribosome-bound
mRNAs in response to stress. All ribosome-dependent toxin family members structurally …

Deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphohydrolases (dNTPases) are important
enzymes that may perform multiple functions in the cell, including regulating the dNTP pools …

Conformational dynamics are important factors in the function of enzymes, including protein
tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Crystal structures of PTPs first revealed the motion of a …

Chalcone isomerases are plant enzymes that perform enantioselective oxa-Michael
cyclizations of 2′-hydroxychalcones into flavanones. An X-ray crystal structure of an …

The RelEB3 toxin–antitoxin (TA) system of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar
Typhimurium consists of a RelE3 toxin which suppresses bacterial growth, but its RelB3 …