The epithelial lining of the airway forms the first barrier against environmental insults, such
as inhaled cigarette smoke, which is the primary risk factor for the development of chronic …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes joint inflammation
and damage. Extra-articular manifestations occur in many patients and can include lung …

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary fibrosis comprise a wide array of inflammatory
and fibrotic lung diseases which are often confusing to general medicine and pulmonary …

Tobacco exposure results in various changes to the airways and lung parenchyma.
Although emphysema represents the more common injury pattern, in some individuals …

Background Local recurrence and distant metastasis are the main causes of death in
patients with lung cancer. Multiple studies have described the recurrence or metastasis of …

Lung fibrosis is a progressive fatal disease in which deregulated wound healing of lung
epithelial cells drives progressive fibrotic changes. Persistent lung injury due to oxidative …

Abstract Purpose of Review Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an invariably progressive
disease. Current treatment options simply slow disease progression, and better therapeutic …

Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to lung
cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, cigarette smoking correlates with increased …

Electronic cigarettes represent an increasingly significant proportion of today's consumable
tobacco products. E‐cigarettes contain several chemicals which may promote oral diseases …

Background Smoking has been considered an important risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary
fibrosis (IPF) incidence. However, there are no population-based large-scale studies …