In the fungal kingdom, the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis has evolved independently in
multiple groups that are referred to as lineages. A growing number of molecular studies in …

There is growing evidence of the importance of extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of mycorrhizal
fungi in carbon (C) cycling in ecosystems. However, our understanding has until recently …

"… a number of chapters provide excellent summaries of the modern methods available for
studying fungal ecology, along with those more traditional methods that are still extremely …

Mycorrhizal fungi and insects are important components of most ecosystems that are likely to
interact with one another indirectly through a common host plant. In this paper, we review …

There is no consensus about how stresses such as low water availability and temperature
limit tree growth. Sink limitation to growth and survival is often inferred if a given stress does …

aged and natural ecosystems, herbivory can have a major impact on plant growth.
Defoliation and shoot removal reduce the photosynthetic capacity of plants and are also …

Recent studies suggest that the growth and fecundity of northern ungulates may be coupled
to their summer nutrition. Here, we compare summer dietary nitrogen availability of the five …

Although both environment and genetics have been shown to affect the mycorrhizal
colonization of host plants, the impacts of these factors on hosts that can be dually colonized …

Plants provide humans with oxygen, food, fibre and fuel, but their effectiveness in performing
these roles is affected by herbivores. Historically, studies on insect herbivory have primarily …

Mycorrhizal fungi have a key role in nitrogen (N) cycling, particularly in boreal and temperate
ecosystems. However, the significance of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) diversity for this …