Abstract Toll-like receptors (TLRs), well-characterized pattern-recognizing receptors of the
innate arm of the immune system, are vital in detecting pathogen-associated molecular …

Commercial broiler and layer chickens are heavily vaccinated against economically
important viral diseases with a view of preventing morbidity, mortality, and production …

Health of the reproductive organs is essential for formation and production of high quality
and hygienic eggs. It is of importance to review the structures and functions of female …

Avian β-defensins (AvBDs) attack various microorganisms and may have efficacy to protect
tissues from infection by unforeseen pathogenic microbes. This article describes the …

Inactivating mutations in the human SLC16A2 gene encoding the thyroid hormone
transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) result in the Allan–Herndon–Dudley …

Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant with the ability of reducing the markers of inflammation.
To explore the protective effect of astaxanthin on maternal ethanol induced embryonic …

The aim of this study was to determine the expression profiles of Toll-like receptors (TLR) in
the testis and epididymis of rooster and whether the expression ofIL-1β, IL-6, CXCLi2 …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), important components of innate immune response, play a pivotal
role in early recognition of pathogen as well as in the initiation of robust and specific …

Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) inhibits the LH-induced resumption of meiosis of equine
oocytes in vitro. The present study was performed to clarify this inhibitory effect of IL-1 beta …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a critical component of the innate immune response in many
vertebrates, including avian species. The recent findings of chicken TLRs (cTLRs) …