Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to
produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular …

Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer characterized by late diagnosis,
limited treatment success and dismal prognosis. Exocrine tumours account for 95% of …

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with multiple functions. They participate in necrotic cell
death and programmed apoptotic, and are crucial for cell metabolism and survival …

The major concept of" oxidative stress" is an excess elevated level of reactive oxygen
species (ROS) which are generated from vigorous metabolism and consumption of oxygen …

The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned
vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and …

The maintenance of a healthy and functional mitochondrial network is critical during
development as well as throughout life in the response to physiological adaptations and …

The pathogenetic mechanism of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), which is the
third most common cause of hospital-acquired AKI, has not been elucidated. Previously, we …

Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in aging and multiple degenerative diseases, including
intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, the maintenance of …

Mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes one of the hallmarks of aging and is characterized by
irregular mitochondrial morphology, insufficient ATP production, accumulation of …