Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance coupled with an inability to produce enough
insulin to control blood glucose, and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the only current …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic, and virtually no physician is without
patients who have the disease. Whereas insulin insensitivity is an early phenomenon partly …

The nuclear receptor PPARγ is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important
role in the control of gene expression linked to a variety of physiological processes. PPARγ …

Berberine has been shown to have antidiabetic properties, although its mode of action is not
known. Here, we have investigated the metabolic effects of berberine in two animal models …

The nuclear receptor family of PPARs was named for the ability of the original member to
induce hepatic peroxisome proliferation in mice in response to xenobiotic stimuli. However …

Stratifying the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has to take into account marked
variability in patient phenotype due to heterogeneity in its pathophysiology, different stages …

AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in cellular energy homeostasis. Its
functions have been extensively studied in muscles and liver. AMPK stimulates pathways …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are considered the best current medicines for type
2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity due to their actions in lowering blood glucose and body …

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are insulin-sensitizing agents used in the treatment of type 2
diabetes. A widely held view is that their action is secondary to transcriptional events that …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has severe cellular consequences, and is linked to aging and
neurological disorders in humans. Impaired energy supply or Ca2+ buffering, increased …