The complex cross‐talk of intricate intercellular signaling networks between the tumor and
stromal cells promotes cancer progression. Hypoxia is one of the most common conditions …

Skeletal muscle shows an enormous plasticity to adapt to stimuli such as contractile activity
(endurance exercise, electrical stimulation, denervation), loading conditions (resistance …

Glioma groups, including lower-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are
the most common primary brain tumor. Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis and low
permeability. BBB maintenance is important in the central nervous system (CNS) because …

Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is as a key transcriptional mediator of the hypoxic
response in eukaryotic cells, regulating the expression of a myriad of genes involved in …

Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is critical for the survival of multicellular organs. As a
result, both invertebrates and vertebrates have developed highly specialized mechanisms to …

The development of targeted treatment strategies adapted to individual patients requires
identification of the different tumor classes according to their biology and prognosis. We …

Injured peripheral neurons successfully activate a proregenerative transcriptional program
to enable axon regeneration and functional recovery. How transcriptional regulators …

Highly aggressive, rapidly growing tumors are exposed to hypoxia or even anoxia which
occurs as a consequence of inadequate blood supply. Both hypoxia and consecutive …

The induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential feature of tumor
angiogenesis, and the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor is known to be a …