or therapeutic medical strategies. However, the ESC Guidelines do not override in any way
whatsoever the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has grown to become the dominant
form of heart failure worldwide, in tandem with ageing of the general population and the …

Making a firm diagnosis of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)
remains a challenge. We recommend a new stepwise diagnostic process, the 'HFA–PEFF …

Importance Endurance exercise is effective in improving peak oxygen consumption (peak
V̇o 2) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it …

Unexplained exertional dyspnoea or fatigue can arise from a number of underlying
disorders and shows only a weak correlation with resting functional or imaging tests …

Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance,
because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired …

Compared with traditional exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides
a thorough assessment of exercise integrative physiology involving the pulmonary …

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been one of the most widely examined physiological
variables, particularly as it relates to functional capacity and human performance. Over the …

Background: There is a well-established inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory
fitness (CRF) and mortality. However, this relationship has almost exclusively been studied …

The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is now well established and it is
increasingly being recognized as an essential variable which should be assessed in health …