Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit
plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly …

Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play
crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. Phenolics are produced under …

The diversity of secondary compounds in the plant kingdom is huge. About 200,000
compounds are known, which are grouped into amines, non-protein amino acids, peptides …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)–the byproducts of aerobic metabolism–influence numerous
aspects of the plant life cycle and environmental response mechanisms. In plants, ROS act …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular
biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction–oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high …

Mitochondria are a quantitatively relevant source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the
majority of cell types. Here we review the sources and metabolism of ROS in this organelle …

Adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for plant growth and survival. However, the
molecular and biochemical mechanisms of adaptation are still poorly understood and the …

Besides the cytochrome c pathway, plant mitochondria have an alternative respiratory
pathway that is comprised of a single homodimeric protein, alternative oxidase (AOX) …

Up to 2% of the oxygen consumed by the mitochondrial respiratory chain undergoes one
electron reduction, typically by the semiquinone form of coenzyme Q, to generate the …

The inner membrane of a plant mitochondrion contains the mitochondrial electron transport
chain (mtETC), consisting of protein complexes that use an energy source-derived reductant …