Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities impact brain metabolism and
function and constitute risk factors for cognitive impairment. Alterations to taurine …

Neuroinflammation has either beneficial or detrimental effects, depending on risk factors and
neuron–glia interactions in neurological disorders. However, studying neuroinflammation …

Ammonia gas is a well-known environmental pollution gas, threatening human health.
Ammonia gas is also one of the most harmful gases to livestock and poultry for many years …

Methotrexate is a folate analog used against a wide range of diseases including
malignancies and autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, clinical use of the MTX is …

Betaine is a derivative of the amino acid glycine widely investigated for its hepatoprotective
properties against alcoholism. The protective properties of betaine in different other …

Ammonia (NH 3) is considered as environmental pollutant and toxic agent for animals and
humans including poultry. Previous reports demonstrated that NH 3 suppressed broilers …

Colistin (COL) belongs to the polymixin class of antibiotics used as the last line antibiotic
against drug-resistant infections. However, nephrotoxicity is the major deleterious and dose …

Diabetes is a metabolic complaint associated with oxidative stress and dysfunction of
mitochondria. One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is neuropathy …

Cholestasis is a multifaceted clinical complication. Obstructive jaundice induced by bile duct
ligation (BDL) is known as an animal model to investigate cholestasis and its associated …

The blockage of bile flow, cholestasis, could lead to serious clinical outcomes, including
severe liver injury. Accumulation of the cytotoxic molecules, such as bile acids, during …