The interaction of plants with complex microbial communities is the result of co‐evolution
over millions of years and contributed to plant transition and adaptation to land. The ability of …

It has been recognized that cytokinins are plant hormones that influence not only numerous
aspects of plant growth, development and physiology, including cell division, chloroplast …

The constant struggle between plants and microbes has driven the evolution of multiple
defense strategies in the host as well as offense strategies in the pathogen. To defend …

Herbivory, defined as feeding on live plant tissues, is characteristic of highly successful and
diverse groups of insects and represents an evolutionarily derived mode of feeding. Plants …

Photosynthesis is a universal process for plant survival, and immune defense is also a key
process in adapting to the growth environment. Various studies have indicated that these …

Senescence represents the final developmental act of the leaf, during which the leaf cell is
dismantled in a coordinated manner to remobilize nutrients and to secure reproductive …

Cytokinins affect plant immunity to various pathogens; however, the mechanisms coupling
plant-derived cytokinins to pathogen responses have been elusive. Here, we found that …

Gall-inducing insects are iconic examples in the manipulation and reprogramming of plant
development, inducing spectacular morphological and physiological changes of host-plant …

Microbe–host interactions can be categorised as pathogenic, parasitic or mutualistic, but in
practice few examples exactly fit these descriptions. New molecular methods are providing …

Cytokinins were discovered in the 1950s by their ability to promote cell division in cultured
plant cells. Recently, there have been significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the …