Immunological memory can be regarded as the key aspect of adaptive immunity, ie a
specific response to first contact with an antigen, which in mammals is determined by the …

Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is a commercially important fish species
worldwide, but high-density cultivation has led to serious diseases especially by Vibrio …

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a complex immune mechanism that involves the release of
several killing molecules, being perforin (PRF) one of the most important effector players …

Teleost adaptive immune systems have evolved with more flexibility than previously
assumed. A particularly enigmatic system to address immune system modifications in the …

Perforin, a pore‐forming glycoprotein, has been demonstrated to play key roles in clearing
virus‐infected cells and tumour cells due to its ability of forming 'pores' on the cell …

Granzymes A and K are two highly homologous serine proteases expressed by mammalian
cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. The locus encoding these two proteases …

Melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon,“black spots”, is
a quality problem affecting on average 20% of slaughtered fish. The spots appear initially as …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) comprise a wide range of small molecules with direct
antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory role and are proposed as promising substitutes …

Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), which is caused by a Gram-positive, intracellular bacterial
pathogen (Renibacterium salmoninarum), affects salmonids including Atlantic salmon …

To date, the mechanisms of inflammation have been poorly studied in fish of commercial
interest, due to the lack of development of appropriate experimental models. The current …