CONTEXT: Numerous faces scales have been developed for the measurement of pain
intensity in children. It remains unclear whether any one of the faces scales is better for a …

Pain is one of the most common complaints expressed by hospital patients and is the main
reason they seek medical help. Pain is always subjective, so its severity should be assessed …

Pain is subjective. The pain response is individual and is learned through social learning
and experience. Early pain experiences may play a particularly important role in shaping an …

This un-blinded experimental study investigated the effectiveness of imagery, in addition to
routine analgesics, in reducing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy pain and anxiety after …

Pain can begin in the first year of life for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and
continue in an unpredictably recurrent manner throughout their life span. Sickle vaso …

A primary purpose of this study was to examine relationships among nurses' knowledge and
attitudes about children's pain relief, nurses' abilities to overcome barriers to optimal pain …

Culture is commonly regarded as a factor in pain behaviour and experience, but the
meaning of the term is often unclear. There is little evidence that pain perception is modified …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of audiotaped lullabies on
physiological and behavioral distress and perceived pain among children during routine …

This study examined the construct validity of the African-American and Hispanic versions of
the Oucher Scale as measures of pain in 104 children ages 3 to 12 years old. Scores on the …

Background: Single-item measures of constructs are parsimonious alternatives to multiple-
item measures in many types of research. Before selecting a particular instrument …