The ability to design efficient enzymes from scratch would have a profound effect on
chemistry, biotechnology and medicine. Rapid progress in protein engineering over the past …

Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Proteins are nature's primary building blocks for the construction of sophisticated molecular
machines and dynamic materials, ranging from protein complexes such as photosystem II …

The fundamental roles that peptides and proteins play in today's biology makes it almost
indisputable that peptides were key players in the origin of life. Insofar as it is appropriate to …

Enzymes are nature's catalysts that are designed to accelerate specific reactions up to 106
times with high selectivity. 1 The enormous potential of enzymes as catalysts for organic …

Enzymes are versatile catalysts and their synthetic potential has been recognized for a long
time. In order to exploit their full potential, enzymes often need to be re-engineered or …

Protein design has come of age, but how will it mature? In the 1980s and the 1990s, the
primary motivation for de novo protein design was to test our understanding of the …

Natural metalloproteins perform many functions—ranging from sensing to electron transfer
and catalysis—in which the position and property of each ligand and metal are dictated by …

The ability of one enzyme to catalyse multiple, mechanistically distinct transformations likely
played a crucial role in organisms' abilities to adapt to changing external stimuli in the past …

Proteins are molecular machines whose function depends on their ability to achieve
complex folds with precisely defined structural and dynamic properties. The rational design …