Eph receptors and the corresponding Eph receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands jointly
constitute a critical cell signaling network that has multiple functions. The tyrosine kinase …

The ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) from plants are RNA N-glycosidases that
depurinate the major rRNA, thus damaging ribosomes, and arresting protein synthesis [1-8] …

Ricin is an abundant protein component of Ricinus communis seeds (castor beans) that is
exquisitely toxic to mammalian cells. It consists of an enzymic polypeptide that catalyzes the …

Inhibition of protein synthesis per se does not potentiate the stress-activated protein kinases
(SAPKs; also known as cJun NH2-terminal kinases [JNKs]). The protein synthesis inhibitor …

Certain pathogenic species of Bacillus and Clostridium have developed unique methods for
intoxicating cells that employ the classic enzymatic “AB” paradigm for protein toxins. The …

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life I of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue
(Varshavsky 1992). Similar but distinct versions of the N-end rule have been shown to …

I. Regulation of Mammary Cell Growth and Apoptosis A. Hormonal control of mammary
development, proliferation, and lactational defferentation D EVELOPMENT of the normal …

The brain is highly accessible for nutrients and oxygen, however delivery of drugs to
malignant brain tumors is a very challenging task. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has …

Immunotoxins are antibody-toxin bifunctional molecules that rely on intracellular toxin action
to kill target cells. Target specificity is determined via the binding attributes of the chosen …

Disulfide-stabilized Fv fragments of antibodies (dsFv) are molecules in which the VH-VL
heterodimer is stabilized by an interchain disulfide bond engineered between structurally …