Adverse experiences in childhood and adolescence, defined as subjectively perceived
threats to the safety or security of the child's bodily integrity, family, or social structures, are …

Background The gastrointestinal peptide hormone ghrelin was discovered in 1999 as the
endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Increasing evidence …

During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly
vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities …

Food is a potent natural reward and food intake is a complex process. Reward and
gratification associated with food consumption leads to dopamine (DA) production, which in …

Food is consumed in order to maintain energy balance at homeostatic levels. In addition,
palatable food is also consumed for its hedonic properties independent of energy status …

Orexins (hypocretins) are two peptides (orexin A and B) produced from the pre-pro-orexin
precursor and expressed in a limited region of dorsolateral hypothalamus. Orexins were …

Polymorphisms in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) are associated with
human obesity and obesity-prone behaviors, including increased food intake and a …

The increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity is partially related to the ready availability of
highly palatable foods which increases the incidence of hedonic, non-homeostatic feeding …

With rising rates of obesity, research continues to explore the contributions of homeostatic
and hedonic mechanisms related to eating behaviour. In this Review, we synthesize the …

Marijuana exerts profound effects on human social behavior, but the neural substrates
underlying such effects are unknown. Here we report that social contact increases, whereas …