Flexible electronics is an emerging field of research involving multiple disciplines, which
include but not limited to physics, chemistry, materials science, electronic engineering, and …

Natural organisms offer abundant inspiration for designing and fabricating hydrogel robots
with autonomous and intelligent behaviors, including motion, perception, and response to …

Abstract 4D bioprinting is the next-generation additive manufacturing-based fabrication
platform employed to construct intricate, adaptive, and dynamic soft and hard tissue …

Inspired by insect compound eyes (CEs) that feature unique optical schemes for imaging,
there has recently been growing interest in developing optoelectronic CE cameras with …

Inspired by the flexible joints of humans, actuators containing soft joints have been
developed for various applications, including soft grippers, artificial muscles, and wearable …

Stimuli-responsive functional micro-/nanorobots (srFM/Ns) are a class of intelligent, efficient,
and promising microrobots that can react to external stimuli (such as temperature, light …

Autonomous robots—systems where mechanical actuators are guided through a series of
states by information processing units to perform a predesigned function—are expected to …

Hydrogel actuators, capable of generating reversible deformation in response to external
stimulus, are widely considered as new emerging intelligent materials for applications in soft …

Shape morphing that transforms morphologies in response to stimuli is crucial for future
multifunctional systems. While kirigami holds great promise in enhancing shape-morphing …

With the development of advanced biomedical theragnosis and bioengineering tools, smart
and soft responsive microstructures and nanostructures have emerged. These structures …