Glioblastoma (GBM) is the highest-grade form of glioma, as well as one of the most
aggressive types of cancer, exhibiting rapid cellular growth and highly invasive behavior …

Considerable efforts have been made since the 1950s to better understand the cellular and
molecular mechanisms of action of metformin, a potent antihyperglycaemic agent now …

Many cancers have long been thought to primarily metabolize glucose for energy production—
a phenomenon known as the Warburg Effect, after the classic studies of Otto Warburg in the …

Sertoli cells are somatic cells present in seminiferous tubules which have essential roles in
regulating spermatogenesis. Considering that each Sertoli cell is able to support a limited …

Metformin has been designated as one of the most crucial first-line therapeutic agents in the
management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Primarily being an antihyperglycemic agent …

Biguanides have been developed for the treatment of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes.
Recently, metformin, the most widely prescribed biguanide, has emerged as a potential …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an evolutionarily conserved energy sensor
important for cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolic regulation. Active AMPK …

The quest to repurpose metformin, an antidiabetes drug, as an agent for cancer prevention
and treatment, which began in 2005 with an observational study that reported a reduction in …

DNA damage, chromosomal abnormalities, oncogene activation, viral infection, substrate
detachment and hypoxia can all trigger apoptosis in normal cells. However, cancer cells …

Metformin, one of most widely prescribed oral hypoglycemic agents, has recently received
increased attention because of its potential antitumorigenic effects that are thought to be …