To flourish, cancers greatly depend on their surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME),
and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TME are critical for cancer occurrence and …

Breast cancer heterogeneity determines cancer progression, treatment effects, and
prognosis. However, the precise mechanism for this heterogeneity remains unknown owing …

PTEN is a potent tumour suppressor, and its loss of function is frequently observed in both
heritable and sporadic cancers. PTEN has phosphatase-dependent and phosphatase …

In just over two decades since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the field of
miRNA biology has expanded considerably. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in …

Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process, consisting of three stages: initiation,
progression, and metastasis. Tumors are encircled by extracellular matrix (ECM) and …

Simple Summary Tumors are not masses of cancer cells alone but made up of cancer cells,
other cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, endothelial cells, as well as secreted factors …

Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although the
PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has recently been considered as one of the most altered …

Abstract miRNAs are a key component of the noncoding RNA family. The underlying
mechanisms involved in the interplay between the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells …

Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in
tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during …