Most neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the intracellular or extracellular
aggregation of misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer disease, α …

Exosomes are nanosized membrane vesicles released by fusion of an organelle of the
endocytic pathway, the multivesicular body, with the plasma membrane. This process was …

The endolysosome system plays central roles in both autophagic degradation and secretory
pathways, including the release of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). Although …

Beyond the consolidated role in degrading and recycling cellular waste, the autophagic-and
endo-lysosomal systems play a crucial role in extracellular release pathways. Lysosomal …

Impaired protein homeostasis and accumulation of damaged or abnormally modified protein
are common disease mechanisms in many neurodegenerative disorders, including …

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by distinct aging-
independent loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region …

From yeast to mammals, autophagy is an important mechanism for sustaining cellular
homeostasis through facilitating the degradation and recycling of aged and cytotoxic …

Most neurodegenerative diseases that afflict humans are associated with the
intracytoplasmic deposition of aggregate-prone proteins in neurons and with mitochondrial …

The production of pore-forming toxins that disrupt the plasma membrane of host cells is a
common virulence strategy for bacterial pathogens such as methicillin-resistant …

The eukaryotic endomembrane system is a complex series of interconnected membranous
organelles that play important roles in responding to stress and maintaining cell …