The Hedgehog (Hh) family of proteins control cell growth, survival, and fate, and pattern
almost every aspect of the vertebrate body plan. The use of a single morphogen for such a …

Ameloblastoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm of the mandible and maxilla, with multiple
histologic variants, and high recurrence rates if improperly treated. The current mainstay of …

Cell signaling plays a key role in the development of all multicellular organisms. Numerous
studies have established the importance of Hedgehog signaling in a wide variety of …

Craniofacial malformations are involved in three fourths of all congenital birth defects in
humans, affecting the development of head, face, or neck. Tremendous progress in the study …

Do tumours arise from stem cells, or are they derived from more differentiated cells that, for
some reason, begin to recapitulate developmental programmes? Inappropriate activation of …

Understanding the regulation of human gene expression requires knowledge of the" second
genetic code," which consists of the binding specificities of transcription factors (TFs) and the …

Mammalian tooth development is largely dependent on sequential and reciprocal epithelial-
mesenchymal interactions. These processes involve a series of inductive and permissive …

The mammalian jaw apparatus is ultimately derived from the first branchial arch derivatives,
the maxillary and mandibular processes, and composed of a highly specialised group of …

The cranial neural crest cells, which are specialized cells of neural origin, are central to the
process of mammalian tooth development. They are the only source of mesenchyme able to …

Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a
billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral …