Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals
alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know …

Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) are not only a useful array of natural products but also an
important part of plant defense system against pathogenic attacks and environmental …

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves as a rich source of metabolites in plants, being
required for the biosynthesis of lignin, and serving as a starting point for the production of …

Higher plants synthesize an amazing diversity of phenolic secondary metabolites. Phenolics
are defined secondary metabolites or natural products because, originally, they were …

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites involved in several aspects of plant development and
defence. They colour fruits and flowers, favouring seed and pollen dispersal, and contribute …

Abstract Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3. 1.74) is a key enzyme of the
flavonoid/isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway. Besides being part of the plant developmental …

Temperature and light are important environmental factors that affect flavonoid biosynthesis
in grape berry skin. However, the interrelationships between temperature and light effects on …

The MYB family of proteins is a group of large, functionally diverse transcription factors, and
widely present in all eukaryotes. The MYB family of proteins in plants is characterized by the …

In many plants, free proline accumulates in response to the imposition of a wide range of
biotic and abiotic stresses. Controversy has surrounded the extent to which this shift in …

Anthocyanins are water‐soluble pigments found in all plant tissues throughout the plant
kingdom. Our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its molecular control has …