The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes both cellular and non-cellular elements,
is now recognized as one of the major regulators of the development of primary tumors, the …

Evidence is accumulating that the tumour microenvironment (TME) has a key role in the
progression of gliomas. Non-neoplastic cells in addition to the tumour cells are therefore …

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an immunosuppressive, universally lethal cancer driven
by glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). The interplay between GSCs and immunosuppressive …

Glioblastoma is a devastating brain cancer for which effective treatments are required.
Tumour-associated microglia and macrophages promote glioblastoma growth in an immune …

Understanding the specific type of brain malignancy, source of brain metastasis, and
underlying transformation mechanisms can help provide better treatment and less harm to …

Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumors with extensive intratumoral heterogeneity
that contributes to treatment resistance. Spatial characterization of GBMs could provide …

Brain metastases and related complications are one of the major fatal factors in cancer.
Patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma are at a high risk of developing …

Brain tumors pose formidable challenges in oncology due to the intricate biology and the
scarcity of effective treatment modalities. The emergence of immunotherapy has opened …

The Wnt signaling pathway is important for cell growth and development in the central
nervous system and its associated vasculature. Thus, it is an interesting factor for …

Background It is well known that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play essential roles
in brain tumor resistance to chemotherapy. However, the detailed mechanisms of how TAMs …