Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the
Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably …

We present a review of the changing state of European permafrost within a spatial zone that
includes the continuous high latitude arctic permafrost of Svalbard and the discontinuous …

This paper provides a snapshot of the permafrost thermal state in the Nordic area obtained
during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2009. Several intensive research campaigns …

This paper provides a review of permafrost modelling advances, primarily since the 2003
permafrost conference in Zürich, Switzerland, with an emphasis on spatial permafrost …

Whether rock glaciers are permafrost creep features or may also be related to glaciers in
non-permafrost environments, and whether they should be defined by genesis or …

The objective of this study is the production of an Alpine Permafrost Index Map (APIM)
covering the entire European Alps. A unified statistical model that is based on Alpine-wide …

An overview is given of the relatively short history, important issues and primary challenges
of research on permafrost in cold mountain regions. The systematic application of diverse …

Abstract In the Nepalese Himalaya, there is little information on the number, spatial
distribution and morphometric characteristics of rock glaciers, and this information is …

Active layer probing in northern Sweden, northeast Greenland, and central Svalbard
indicates active layer thickening has occurred at Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring …

Measurements of environmental variables are often used to validate and calibrate physically-
based models. Depending on their application, the models are used at different scales …