Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in
immune‐compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary …

Advances in Melanoma Treatment The incidence of melanoma has increased, but mortality
has declined with improved management. Sentinel-node sampling has reduced morbidity …

The discovery of the role of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in melanomagenesis and its
progression have opened a new era in the treatment of this tumor. Vemurafenib was the first …

RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac. 1) is one of the important members of Rho
GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell …

The incidence of melanoma is increasing over the years with a still poor prognosis and the
lack of a cure able to guarantee an adequate survival of patients. Although the new immuno …

Metastatic disease from uveal melanoma occurs in almost 50% of patients suffering from this
ocular tumour, with median survival from development of symptoms being around 1 year. In …

Abstract c-kit is a classical proto-oncogene that encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
that responds to stem cell factor (SCF). C-KIT signaling is a critical regulator of cell …

Nearly 15% of melanomas occur in patients with a family history and a subset of these
patients have a germline mutation in a melanoma predisposing gene. CDKN2A mutations …

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor responsible for 90% of mortality related to skin
cancer. In the recent years, the discovery of driving mutations in melanoma has led to better …

Hypoxia, a condition of low oxygen availability, is a hallmark of tumour microenvironment
and promotes cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Many studies reported the …