Cell signaling in response to an array of diverse stress stimuli converges on the
phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). Phosphorylation of …

Recent years have witnessed the discovery that amino acids (AA) are not only cell signaling
molecules but are also regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation …

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by endothelial cells (ECs), is an adaptive
response to oxygen/nutrient deprivation orchestrated by vascular endothelial growth factor …

Regulation of mRNA translation is a rapid and effective means to couple changes in the
cellular environment with global rates of protein synthesis. In response to stresses, such as …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved protein kinase involved in a
multitude of cellular processes including cell growth. Increased mTOR activation is observed …

Mammals respond to dietary nutrient fluctuations; for example, deficiency of dietary protein
or an imbalance of essential amino acids activates an amino acid response (AAR) signal …

Febrifugine, the bioactive constituent of one of the 50 fundamental herbs of traditional
Chinese medicine, has been characterized for its therapeutic activity, though its molecular …

Although significant variations in the metabolic profiles exist among different cells, little is
understood in terms of genetic regulations of such cell type–specific metabolic phenotypes …

Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) deficiency is among the most common causes of
inherited metabolic disease, but its physiological consequences are poorly characterized …

Increased activation of the serine-glycine biosynthetic pathway is an integral part of cancer
metabolism that drives macromolecule synthesis needed for cell proliferation. Whether this …