Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive
module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and …

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions as a channel that
regulates the transport of ions and the movement of water across the epithelial barrier …

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene
encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in …

The airway epithelium represents the first point of contact for inhaled foreign organisms. The
protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers and a …

The intracellular Nod-like proteins or receptors are a family of sensors of intracellularly
encountered microbial motifs and'danger signals' that have emerged as being critical …

Chronic lung disease determines the morbidity and mortality of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.
The pulmonary immune response in CF is characterized by an early and non-resolving …

Introduction In patients with SARS-CoV-2, innate immunity is playing a central role, depicted
by hyperinflammation and longer lasting inflammatory response. Reliable inflammatory …

Interferons (IFNs) are a critical component of the first line of antiviral defense. The activation
of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed by dendritic cells triggers different signaling …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important bacterial pathogens encountered by
immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and the lipopolysaccharide …

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, whereas chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is mainly caused by environmental factors (mostly …