Bio‐inspired actuation materials, also called artificial muscles, have attracted great attention
in recent decades for their potential application in intelligent robots, biomedical devices, and …

Films of conducting polymers in the presence of electrolytes can be oxidized or reduced by
the flow of anodic or cathodic currents. Ions and solvent are exchanged during a reaction for …

Untethered small actuators have various applications in multiple fields. However, existing
small-scale actuators are very limited in their intractability with their surroundings, respond to …

Artificial muscles, skin, and flexible electronics all benefit from smart actuators. However,
developing actuators with high self-driving/sensing capabilities, as well as the real-time …

Conducting polymer (CP)-based electrochemical biosensors have gained great attention as
such biosensor platforms are easy and cost-effective to fabricate, and provide a direct …

The steerable catheter refers to the catheter that is manipulated by a mechanism which may
be driven by operators or by actuators. The steerable catheter for minimally invasive surgery …

In a previous paper, we reported the first dry actuator that can be fabricated simply by layer-
by-layer casting, using 'bucky gel', a gelatinous room-temperature ionic-liquid containing …

Mechanical devices that function on sub-micrometer length scales are expected to find
applications in fields ranging from medicine to manufacturing. Biology provides many …

The synthesis and performance evaluation of trilayer bending type polymer actuators in
terms of frequency response and step response are described. The actuators are shown to …

In this paper we describe the fabrication and testing of elastomer-based sensors capable of
measuring both uniaxial strain and curvature. These sensors were fabricated from Sylgard …