The striking multiplicity, signal input diversity, and output specificity of c-di-GMP signaling
proteins in many bacteria has brought second messenger signaling back onto the agenda of …

Biofilms are assemblages of bacteria embedded within a matrix of extracellular polymeric
substances (EPS) attached to a substratum. The process of biofilm formation is a complex …

Streptomyces are our principal source of antibiotics, which they generate concomitant with a
complex developmental transition from vegetative hyphae to spores. c-di-GMP acts as a …

Streptomyces are our primary source of antibiotics, produced concomitantly with the
transition from vegetative growth to sporulation in a complex developmental life cycle. We …

Members of the antibiotic-producing bacterial genus Streptomyces undergo a complex
developmental life cycle that culminates in the production of spores. Central to control of this …

Soil dwelling Streptomyces species are faced with large variations in carbon or nitrogen
sources, phosphate, oxygen, iron, sulfur, and other nutrients. These drastic changes in key …

Nucleotide second messengers act as intracellular 'secondary'signals that represent
environmental or cellular cues, ie the 'primary'signals. As such, they are linking sensory …

The HD-GYP domain, named after two of its conserved sequence motifs, was first described
in 1999 as a specialized version of the widespread HD phosphohydrolase domain that had …

Abstract Cyclic dimeric 3′-5′ guanosine monophosphate, c-di-GMP, is a ubiquitous
second messenger controlling diverse cellular processes in bacteria. In streptomycetes, c-di …

Antibiotic-producing Streptomyces use the diadenylate cyclase DisA to synthesize the
nucleotide second messenger c-di-AMP, but the mechanism for terminating c-di-AMP …