Ecologists have long studied patterns, directions and tempos of change, but there is a
pressing need to extend current understanding to empirical observations of abrupt changes …

In many parts of the world forest disturbance regimes have intensified recently, and future
climatic changes are expected to amplify this development further in the coming decades …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

In boreal forests, climate warming is shifting the wildfire disturbance regime to more frequent
fires that burn more deeply into organic soils, releasing sequestered carbon to the …

Tipping elements are components of the Earth system which may respond nonlinearly to
anthropogenic climate change by transitioning toward substantially different long‐term …

Subalpine forests in the northern Rocky Mountains have been resilient to stand-replacing
fires that historically burned at 100-to 300-year intervals. Fire intervals are projected to …

Despite evidence from a number of Earth systems that abrupt temporal changes known as
regime shifts are important, their nature, scale and mechanisms remain poorly documented …

Wildfire activity in boreal forests is anticipated to increase dramatically, with far-reaching
ecological and socioeconomic consequences. Paleorecords are indispensible for …

Forest dieback caused by drought‐induced tree mortality has been observed world‐wide.
Forecasting which trees in which locations are vulnerable to drought‐induced mortality is …

High-latitude regions have experienced rapid warming in recent decades, and this trend is
projected to continue over the twenty-first century. Fire is also projected to increase with …