Background Habitual walking speed predicts many clinical conditions later in life, but it
declines with age. However, which particular exercise intervention can minimize the age …

Most organisms experience progressive declines in physiological function as they age.
Since this senescence of function is thought to underlie the decrease in quality of life in …

Honey bee is an economically important insect for honey production and pollination.
Frequent exposure to toxic pesticides is one of the major risk factors causing the pollinator …

Contemporary landscapes present numerous challenges for bees and other beneficial
insects that play critical functional roles in natural ecosystems and agriculture. Pesticides …

One challenge in aging research concerns identifying physiological parameters or
biomarkers that can reflect the physical health of an animal and predict its lifespan. In C …

Previous work using an atomic force microscope in nanoindenter mode indicated that the
outer, 10-to 15-μm thick, keratinised layer of tree frog toe pads has a modulus of elasticity …

Social insect colonies are commonly thought of as highly organized and efficient complex
systems, yet high levels of worker inactivity are common. Although consistently inactive …

Aging affects almost all aspects of an organism—its morphology, its physiology, its behavior.
Isolating which biological mechanisms are regulating these changes, however, has proven …

Many insects and some larger animals, such as geckos, skinks, and tree frogs, can easily
climb vertical walls and even walk on the ceiling. These abilities require a method to attach …

Behavioral repeatability is an important trait relevant to personality research and to
behavioral ecology in general. We examined here the behavioral repeatability of two activity …