Bile acids are increasingly appearing in the spotlight owing to their novel impacts on various
host processes. Similarly, there is growing attention on members of the microbiota that are …

The intestine is the largest peripheral lymphoid organ in animals, including humans, and
interacts with a vast array of microorganisms called the gut microbiota. Comprehending the …

Bile acids are steroids generated at the interface of host and intestinal microbiota. While
primary bile acids are generated in the liver from cholesterol metabolism, secondary bile …

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways progress inflammation and immune cell
differentiation in the host immune response; however, the uncontrollable stimulation of NF …

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two forms of inflammatory bowel disease. It affects 5
million people globally, and is a chronic and recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal …

The rapid rise in atopy and asthma in industrialized nations has led to the identification of
early life environmental factors that promote these conditions and spurred research into how …

The helper-like ILC contains various functional subsets, such as ILC1, ILC2, ILC3 and LTi
cells, mediating the immune responses against viruses, parasites, and extracellular bacteria …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract,
primarily manifesting as ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). Both inflammation …

Chronic liver diseases encompass a wide spectrum of hepatic maladies that often result in
cholestasis or altered bile acid secretion and regulation. Incidence and cost of care for many …

Bile acids are major components of bile; they emulsify dietary lipids for efficient digestion
and absorption and act as signaling molecules that activate nuclear and membrane …