The sustained growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells depend upon bidirectional
cell–cell communication within complex tissue environments. Such communication …

The tumor microenvironment represents a complex network, in which tumor cells not only
communicate with each other but also with stromal and immune cells. Current research has …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment
(TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co …

Background Exosomes, small-membrane vesicles, are secreted by cells and include several
types of proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes transfer cellular information derived from …

In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) that metastasizes to the liver, there are several key
goals for improving outcomes including early detection, effective prognostic indicators of …

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a common malignancy, is among the leading causes of cancer-
related deaths worldwide. Developing novel biomarkers is an important public health …

Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles primarily involved in the pathogenesis of many
diseases including cancer. This study was set out from recent evidence that extracellular …

Clinically, different approaches are adopted worldwide for the treatment of cancer, which still
ranks second among all causes of death. Immunotherapy for cancer treatment has been the …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important cells of the tumor microenvironment that
can communicate with tumor cells through various mechanisms. Recently, increasing …

Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that are released by almost all cell types,
even those that are pathologically altered. Exosomes widely participate in cell-to-cell …