Background: Chronic axial spinal pain is one of the major causes of significant disability and
health care costs, with facet joints as one of the proven causes of pain. Objective: To provide …

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common pain syndrome, and is an enormous burden and
cost generator for society. Lumbar facet joints (FJ) constitute a common source of pain …

OBJECTIVE: To develop evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interventional
techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic spinal pain. METHODOLOGY …

As early as the 19th century, OIH was observed in patients receiving morphine for pain. It
was recognized that a potent analgesic such as morphine could actually result in an …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is often refractory to pharmacologic and noninterventional treatment.
On behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain Neuropathic Pain Special …

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are the most widely utilized pain management procedure
in the world, their use supported by more than 45 placebo-controlled studies and dozens of …

Background: Existing guidelines and systematic reviews provide inconsistent
recommendations on epidural corticosteroid injections for sciatica. Key limitations of existing …

Study Design. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial on preoperative pain neuroscience
education (NE) for lumbar radiculopathy. Objective. To determine if the addition of NE to …

The authors stated there was good evidence for transforaminal epidural injections for
chronic low back and lower extremity pain caused by disc herniation with radiculitis; the …

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and important health
problems affecting the population worldwide and remains mostly unsolved. Ozone therapy …