The island syndrome is a widespread biological phenomenon that describes a suite of
morphological, behavioural, demographic and life‐history changes associated with island …

The field of comparative biomechanics examines how form, mechanical properties and
environmental interactions shape the function of biological structures. Biomechanics has …

Bergmann's and Allen's rules state that endotherms should be larger and have shorter
appendages in cooler climates. However, the drivers of these rules are not clear. Both rules …

Biologists have long noted that endotherms tend to have larger bodies (Bergmann's rule)
and shorter appendages (Allen's rule) in colder environments. Nevertheless, many …

Animals tend to decrease in body size (Bergmann's rule) and elongate appendages (Allen's
rule) in warm climates. However, it is unknown whether these patterns depend on each …

Innovations in nest design are thought to be one potential factor in the evolutionary success
of passerine birds (order: Passeriformes), which colonized new ecological niches as they …

Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation.
A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects …

The evolution of behaviour can both influence, and be influenced by, morphology. Recent
advances in methods and data availability have facilitated broad-scale investigations of …

The processes that allow some lineages to diversify rapidly at a global scale remain poorly
understood. Although earlier studies emphasized the importance of dispersal, global …

Bills and legs are two vital appendages for birds, and they exhibit huge interspecific
variation in form and function, yet no study has examined the global predictors of this …