Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

Highlights•Many antiphage systems trigger regulated death of the infected cell.•Regulated
cell death protects the nearby population from the spread of infection.•Over 70% of …

Bacteria have evolved diverse immunity mechanisms to protect themselves against the
constant onslaught of bacteriophages,–. Similar to how eukaryotic innate immune systems …

A fundamental strategy of eukaryotic antiviral immunity involves the cGAS enzyme, which
synthesizes 2′, 3′-cGAMP and activates the effector STING. Diverse bacteria contain …

It was recently shown that bacteria use, apart from CRISPR–Cas and restriction systems, a
considerable diversity of phage resistance systems,,–, but it is largely unknown how phages …

To contend with the diversity and ubiquity of bacteriophages and other mobile genetic
elements, bacteria have developed an arsenal of immune defence mechanisms. Bacterial …

Bacteriophages must seize control of the host gene expression machinery to replicate. To
bypass bacterial anti-phage defence systems, this host takeover occurs immediately upon …

Dormant prophages protect lysogenic cells by expressing diverse immune systems, which
must avoid targeting their cognate prophages upon activation. Here we report that multiple …

Cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signalling systems (CBASS) protect prokaryotes
from viral (phage) attack through the production of cyclic oligonucleotides, which activate …

Bacteria have evolved a broad range of defence mechanisms to protect against infection by
their viral parasites, bacteriophages (phages). Toxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are small loci …