Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and
phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to …

The plasma membrane (PM) is the biological membrane that separates the interior of all
cells from the outside. The PM is constituted of a huge diversity of proteins and lipids. In this …

Lipids have diverse functions in regulating the plasma membrane's cellular processes and
signaling mediation. Plasma membrane lipids are also involved in the plant's complex …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is the simplest cellular glycerophospholipid characterized by unique
biophysical properties: a small headgroup; negative charge; and a phosphomonoester …

Endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane contact sites (ER–PM CS) play fundamental
roles in all eukaryotic cells. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the ER–PM protein tether …

Plants have complex internal signaling pathways to quickly adjust to environmental changes
and harvest energy from the environment. Facing the growing population, there is an urgent …

Among the cellular lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) is a peculiar one as it is at the same time a
key building block of phospholipid synthesis and a major lipid second messenger conveying …

Lipids function not only as the major structural components of cell membranes, but also as
molecular messengers that transduce signals to trigger downstream signaling events in the …

The signalling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) is involved in regulating various fundamental
biological processes in plants. However, the mechanisms of PA action remain poorly …

Flagellin perception is a keystone of pattern-triggered immunity in plants. The recognition of
this protein by a plasma membrane (PM) receptor complex is the beginning of a signaling …