Copper slag, generated mainly during copper smelting, and classified as a potentially
harmful waste, is an important secondary resource containing not only valuable metals, such …

The huge usage of rechargeable batteries in electronics has added to a recurrent problem
worldwide in generating tonnage of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The inadequacy of the …

Owing to the increasing pressure on the ecological effect of solid waste disposal and
developing the need for disposal of the corresponding hazardous metals, recovery of spent …

Environmental restrictions and economic benefits have obliged countries to promote
recycling processes from secondary resources like spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) instead …

LiBs pose a very specific threat, given that they contain a high percentage of dangerous
heavy metals. From the 4000 t of used lithium-ion batteries collected in 2005, 1100 t of …

Heavy metals are released into the environment by both anthropogenic and natural sources.
Highly reactive and often toxic at low concentrations, they may enter soils and groundwater …

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high power density are commonly used in electric vehicles
and portable electronic devices. Their applications have been soaring in recent years …

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is an emergent research area, which may
contribute to a sustainable future with reduced waste. Current recycling strategies only …

Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element
biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations …

Compared to conventional extractive techniques, bacterial assisted leaching, also called
“biomining” is an eco-friendly technology that provides improved metal/solid separations …