Until recent years, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has drawn little attention mostly
because small cerebral arteries were difficult to observe in imaging and in vivo studies …

Primarily used in the treatment of intermittent claudication, cilostazol is a 2-oxyquinolone
derivative that works through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase III and related increases in …

Background Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with
occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage …

Stroke is a devastating condition with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Antithrombotic therapy plays a crucial role in both primary and secondary prevention of …

Smith and Markus Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Trials 39 dysmetabolism, and glucose
dysregulation that are the primary targets for current ischemic stroke prevention. As an …

Introduction To devise appropriate preventive strategies after stroke, knowledge of the
association between post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and prognosis of stroke …

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease causing high rates of disability and fatality.
In recent years, the concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU) has been accepted by an …

Background and Purpose: Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3'inhibitor, is used in Asia-
Pacific countries for stroke prevention, but rarely used elsewhere. In addition to weak …

A main pathogenic factor of atherosclerosis is the local oxidative stress microenvironment.
Probucol (PU) has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects, showing great …

Cilostazol is a PDE3 (phosphodiesterase III) inhibitor with a long track record of safety that is
Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved for the treatment …