All chemists are familiar with the idea that, at equilibrium steady state, the relative
concentrations of species present in a system are predicted by the corresponding …

The year 2022 marks the 30th anniversary of the first reports of polyrotaxanes in the
scientific literature. During the past three decades, many combinations of molecular rings …

All biological pumps are autonomous catalysts; they maintain the out-of-equilibrium
conditions of the cell by harnessing the energy released from their catalytic decomposition of …

Pumps and motors are essential components of the world as we know it. From the complex
proteins that sustain our cells, to the mechanical marvels that power industries, much we …

The sorption of species from a solution into and onto solids underpins the sequestering of
waste and pollutants, precious metal recovery, heterogeneous catalysis, analysis and …

The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis (paraquat‐p‐phenylene), also known as the little blue
box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host–guest …

Biomolecular machines are driven by information ratchet mechanisms, where kinetic
asymmetry in the machine's chemomechanical cycle of fuel-to-waste catalysis induces net …

Nature embeds some of its molecular machinery, including ion pumps, within lipid bilayer
membranes. This has inspired chemists to attempt to develop synthetic analogues to exploit …

We report a rotaxane-based information ratchet in which the macrocycle distribution is
pumped away from equilibrium using a carbodiimide fuel. A carboxylate group on the axle …

Molecular machines are essential dynamic components for fuel production, cargo delivery,
information storage and processing in living systems. Scientists have demonstrated that they …