Objective Episodes of bipolar disorder are defined as depressive or manic, but depressive
and manic symptoms can combine in the same episode. Coexistence or rapid alternation of …

Completed suicide and suicide attempts are major issues in the management of bipolar
disorders. There is evidence that suicide rates among these patients are more than 20-fold …

To examine the effect of gender on regional brain activity, we utilized functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) during a motor task and three cognitive tasks; a word generation …

Kraepelin's work is frequently cited and repeatedly interpreted as groundwork for the
categorical classification of mental disorders. The scope of this paper is to present a …

Objective: To review issues surrounding the diagnosis and validity of bipolar manic states.
Methods: Studies of the manic syndrome and its diagnostic subtypes were reviewed …

BACKGROUND: Personality and temperament are supposed to have an impact on the
clinical expression and course of an affective disorder. There is some indication, that mixed …

OBJECTIVE: To review the diagnostic validity and utility of mixed depression, ie co-
occurrence of depression and manic/hypomanic symptoms. METHODS: PubMed search of …

BackgroundFrequently associated with early psychosis, depressive and manic dimensions
may play an important role in its course and outcome. While manic and depressive …

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate similarities and differences between
bipolar I patients with and without mood-incongruent symptoms (MIS) over a long period of …

Background Affective syndrome is thought to be a key feature that differentiates
schizophrenia from schizoaffective disorder (SA) and bipolar disorder with psychotic …