Men are consistently overrepresented in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severe outcomes …

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in
men and women in developed countries, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is becoming …

Advancing age is the major risk factor for the development of CVD (cardiovascular
diseases). This is attributable, in part, to the development of vascular endothelial …

Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

Estrogen has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms by which
estrogen confers these pleiotropic effects are undergoing active investigation. Until a …

Context: The stages of the menopause transition are characterized by changes in ovarian
hormones and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and vasomotor …

The heart is a highly structured organ consisting of different cell types, including myocytes,
endothelial cells, fibroblasts, stem cells, and inflammatory cells. This pluricellularity provides …

Estrogen has important effects on cardiovascular function including regulation of vascular
function, blood pressure, endothelial relaxation, and the development of hypertrophy and …

Fluctuations in endogenous hormones estrogen and progesterone during the menstrual
cycle may offer vasoprotection for endothelial and smooth muscle (VSM) function. While …

Objective: In contrast to age-matched men, endurance exercise training is not consistently
associated with enhanced endothelial function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal …