Osteocytes, the most abundant and long-lived cells in bone, are the master regulators of
bone remodeling. In addition to their functions in endocrine regulation and calcium and …

This review will define the role of collagen and within-bone heterogeneity and elaborate the
importance of trabecular and cortical architecture with regard to their effect on the …

The bone matrix plays an indispensable role in the human body, and its unique
biomechanical and mechanobiological properties have received much attention. The bone …

Biological materials are typically multifunctional but many have evolved to optimize a chief
mechanical function. These functions include impact or fracture resistance, armor and …

Many biological tissues, such as wood and bone, are fiber composites with a hierarchical
structure. Their exceptional mechanical properties are believed to be due to a functional …

One of the most intriguing protein materials found in nature is bone, a material composed of
assemblies of tropocollagen molecules and tiny hydroxyapatite mineral crystals that form an …

Bone is a complex tissue of which the principal function is to resist mechanical forces and
fractures. Bone strength depends not only on the quantity of bone tissue but also on the …

The most common and abundant polymer in nature is the linear polysaccharide cellulose,
but processing it requires a new approach since cellulose degrades before melting and …

A mechanistic understanding of fracture in human bone is critical to predicting fracture risk
associated with age and disease. Despite extensive work, a mechanistic framework for …

There is a substantial body of evidence indicating that exercise prior to the pubertal growth
spurt stimulates bone growth and skeletal muscle hypertrophy to a greater degree than …