Recent studies have revealed that several Gram-negative species utilize variations of the
well-known chemotaxis signaling cascade to switch lifestyles in order to survive …

Bacterial taxis is one of the most investigated signal transduction mechanisms. Studies of
taxis have primarily used Escherichia coli and Salmonella as model organism. However …

Myxococcus xanthus arranges into two morphologically distinct biofilms depending on its
nutritional status, ie, coordinately spreading colonies in the presence of nutrients and spore …

Soil bacteria engage each other in competitive and cooperative ways to determine their
microenvironments. In this study, we report the identification of a large number of genes …

In bacteria, cell-surface polysaccharides fulfill important physiological functions, including
interactions with the environment and other cells as well as protection from diverse stresses …

Spirochetes have a unique cell structure: These bacteria have internal periplasmic flagella
subterminally attached at each cell end. How spirochetes coordinate the rotation of the …

Type Four Pili (T4P) are extracellular appendages mediating several bacterial functions
such as motility, biofilm formation and infection. The ability to adhere to substrates is …

Myxococcus xanthus possesses a form of surface motility powered by the retraction of the
type IV pilus (T4P). Additionally, exopolysaccharide (EPS), the major constituent of bacterial …

Myxococcus xanthus Social (S) motility occurs at high cell densities and is powered by the
extension and retraction of Type IV pili which bind ligands normally found in matrix …

Myxobacteria exhibit complex social traits during which large populations of cells coordinate
their behaviors. An iconic example is their response to starvation: thousands of cells move …