Aortic valve stenosis is the most prevalent heart valve disease worldwide. Although
interventional treatment options have rapidly improved in recent years, symptomatic aortic …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and is associated with
systemic inflammation. In depth study of the cell-specific signaling mechanisms mediating …

Aims Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), defined as the presence of
an expanded somatic blood cell clone without other haematological abnormalities, was …

The innate immune system is the first line of host defense, and it is capable of resisting both
exogenous pathogenic challenges and endogenous danger signals via different pattern …

Continuous stimulation of inflammation is harmful to tissues of an organism. Inflammatory
mediators not only have an effect on metabolic and inflammatory bone diseases but also …

Abstract Bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4) is an osteoinductive protein that
accelerates osteogenesis when administered to bony defects. Sericin is produced by …

Background: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by a phenotypic switch of
valvular interstitial cells to bone-forming cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily …

Inflammation, the primary response of innate immunity, is essential to initiate the calcification
process underlying calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), the most prevalent valvulopathy in …

Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disease and its
incidence is expected to rise with aging population. No medical treatment so far has shown …

Alterations in shear stress, mechanical deformation, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition
and exposure to inflammatory conditions are known to cause endothelial to mesenchymal …