The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex organization of cerebral endothelial cells (C EC),
pericytes and their basal lamina, which are surrounded and supported by astrocytes and …

Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have had a major impact in the last 10-15 years in
understanding and managing multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes the current uses of …

Background There are concerns over gadolinium deposition from gadolinium‐based
contrast agents (GBCA) administration. Purpose To reduce gadolinium dose in contrast …

Background Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system and is the most common cause of neurologic disability in young adults …

Background: Episodic inflammation in the CNS during the early stages of MS results in
progressive disability years later, presumably due to myelin and axonal injury. MRI …

Abstract Objective T‐helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 lymphocytes are involved in experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We characterized the …

Multiple sclerosis patients who become pregnant experience a significant decrease in
relapses that may be mediated by a shift in immune responses from T helper 1 to T helper 2 …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to evaluate and monitor disease activity
in inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) diseases such as multiple …

Renewed interest in axonal injury in multiple sclerosis has significantly shifted the focus of
research into this disease toward neurodegeneration. During the past year magnetic …

In this review, data is summarized supporting the hypothesis that axonal loss is a major
pathologic process responsible for irreversible neurologic disability in patients with multiple …