Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine
ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between …

All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their
high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of …

Mangrove forests, seagrass meadows and tidal saltmarshes are vegetated coastal
ecosystems that accumulate and store large quantities of carbon in their sediments. Many …

Ocean carbon dioxide removal (OCDR) is rapidly attracting interest, as climate change is
putting ecosystems at risk and endangering human communities globally. Due to the …

Cost-effective coastal flood adaptation requires a realistic valuation of losses, costs and
benefits considering the uncertainty of future flood projections and limited resources for …

Paleontology has provided invaluable basic knowledge on the history of life on Earth. The
discipline can also provide substantial knowledge to societal challenges such as climate …

Climate change poses increasingly severe risks for coastal ecosystems and coastal
communities all around the globe. This condition requires implementing climate adaptation …

Climate change poses an urgent threat to biodiversity that demands societal responses. The
magnitude of this challenge is reflected in recent international commitments to protect 30 …

Coastal vegetated ecosystems are acknowledged for their capacity to sequester organic
carbon (OC), known as blue C. Yet, blue C global accounting is incomplete, with major gaps …