Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation,
organogenesis, and reproduction and a key role in mucosal immune responses. RA …

Adoptive cell transfer using chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has emerged as one of the
most promising new therapeutic modalities for patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), first described in the mid-1850s, is a complex liver
disease that is heterogeneous in its presentation. PSC is characterized by chronic …

Autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and
primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are manifested as an impairment of normal bile flow …

Immune cell trafficking is a complex and tightly regulated process that is indispensable for
the body's fight against pathogens. However, it is also increasingly acknowledged that …

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main content The New
England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced Search SEARCH SPECIALTIES Cardiology …

Retinoic acid (RA) is produced by a number of cell types, including macrophages and
dendritic cells, which express retinal dehydrogenases that convert vitamin A to its main …

Interest in vitamin A as a regulator of immune function goes back to the early 1900s.
Recently, several lines of evidence have converged to show that retinoic acid (RA), a major …

Background & Aims Little is known about the composition of intrahepatic immune cells and
their contribution to the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Herein, we …

Cholestatic liver disorders are caused by genetic defects, mechanical aberrations, toxins, or
dysregulations in the immune system that damage the bile ducts and cause accumulation of …